Diplomatic pressure mounted on India over its Ukraine policy with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken calling External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar to discuss the situation there on the eve of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov's visit to New Delhi even as US Deputy National Security Adviser Daleep Singh, who is in charge of sanctions, is already in India.

And British Foreign Secretary Liz Truss is also expected in India Thursday, while already there is Marcelo Ebrard Casaubon, the Foreign Minister of Mexico which co-sponsored a resolution in the United Nations General Assembly on the Ukraine humanitarian situation that Indian abstained on.

Germany's Foreign and Security Policy Advisor Jens Plotner was there on Wednesday and, last week, China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi came to India as all sides to the Ukraine crisis seek India's backing for their stances.

India has stayed neutral on seven Ukraine-related resolutions at the United Nations – including one on which the US also abstained – although New Delhi has criticised Russia's invasion obliquely by emphasising “the need to respect the UN Charter, international law and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states”.

US State Department Spokesperson Ned Price said that Blinken and Jaishankar reviewed “regional priorities, including the worsening humanitarian situation in Ukraine” during their call on Wednesday.

But given India's pivotal role in Washington's Indo-Pacific strategy the US has sought to avoid an impression of pressuring New Delhi and Price turned a spotlight “on shared interests in the region. Our shared efforts to promote a free, open, secure, and prosperous Indo-Pacific, in which the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states is respected”.

The reference to respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity was, nevertheless, a subtle reminder of what the US sees is at stake in Ukraine.

Jaishankar tweeted that he and Blinken “reviewed the progress on our bilateral cooperation. Discussed developments pertaining to the Indo-Pacific, Ukraine and the global economy”.

Singh, who is the architect of US economic sanctions on Moscow, “will consult closely with counterparts on the consequences of Russia's unjustified war against Ukraine and mitigating its impact on the global economy”, White House Communications Director Kate Bedingfield said on Wednesday.

But she too tried to soften the focus on Singh's sanctions role by saying that the Indo-Pacific will figure in Singh's discussions.

He will hold consultations “to deepen cooperation to promote inclusive economic growth and prosperity and a free and open Indo Pacific” and the development of an Indo Pacific economic framework,” she said.

Singh's main meeting in New Delhi on Wednesday was with Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal, who tweeted that they “discussed at length steps for further deepening India-US economic & strategic ties. Our complementary partnership will help us build resilient economies in a dynamic world order”.

India's economic cooperation, especially increased purchase of oil, and defence ties are expected to figure in Lavrov's New Delhi agenda.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi had talked three times with Russian President Vladimir Putin and at least twice with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky since the crisis began and in his conversations urged them to hold direct talks and called for a ceasefire.

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has acknowledged India's efforts among the many diplomatic initiatives for a ceasefire.

India could again make a push for direct talks between Moscow and Kyiv leaders when Lavrov visits.

Despite Biden calling India's position on the Russian invasion “somewhat shaky” and several US politicians criticising New Delhi for not voting at the UN to condemn Moscow and for planning to buy oil from that country, Washington sees both India's role in the Indo-Pacific in its strategy of countering China's aggressive posture and New Delhi's dependence on Russian arms in the near future to credibly withstand Beijing.

These two factors create a dilemma for both the US and India in Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Biden's Spokesperson Jen Psaki has said that India buying oil from Russia will not violate US sanctions on Russia.

Germany and several European allies of the US continue to buy energy from the US without recriminations.

However, India's purchase of the Triumf S-400 missile defence system from Russia despite US discouragement puts it in the crosshairs of sanctions under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) law.

Reflecting the West's awareness of India's position of being trapped by its dependence on Russian arms, Germany's senior security official Plotner told reporters Wednesday, “We would have welcomed to have India in our camp. This having been said, everybody has his own geography, everybody has his own geopolitical setting in which it must evolve”.

Yi's visit, the first since the deadly border clashes in 2020, coincides with China's uneasy support to Russia combined with an opportunistic attempt to promote itself as a superpower challenging the US without risking for now economic isolation from the West.

China's interest is in seeing India does not give up its neutral stance and move to the US position and it has said at the UN that developing countries should not be pressured to pick sides.

Mexico's resolution, co-sponsored with France, on which India abstained, was adopted by an overwhelming majority in the General Assembly. Mexico is on the UN Security Council with India and Jaishankar tweeted after their meeting on Wednesday that he and Ebrad “exchanged notes on our close UNSC cooperation”.

Erbad tweeted, “We are moving towards a strategic and increasingly close relationship”, but his attention was more on pharmaceuticals and technology. The Mexican Foreign Ministry said that he was meeting with Indian vaccine makers to facilitate technology transfers and that Mexico would be setting up four chairs in traditional Indian medicine at Mexican universities.

(SAM)