Bhutan has a unique architecture and construction style. Architecture constitutes an important aspect of tangible culture. Bhutanese often showcase and take pride in the unique Bhutanese architecture. Preservation and promotion of culture are one of the pillars of Gross National Happiness. The size of the structures, the materials, and the colors used on the buildings are intricate and symbolic to the Bhutanese. However, Bhutanese architecture faces acute challenges with rapid globalization and technological revolutions.

In the past massive structures like dzongs (fortress ), towers, bridges, and houses were built using materials like mud, stone, and wood. These materials were extracted from nature with minimum negative implications. However, concrete, bricks, and steel are quickly replacing traditional materials. Bricks, cement, and steel factories contribute massively to air pollution.

In the olden days, energy consumption for the houses was minimal given the insulation properties of the locally available materials. However, modern structures require a system to heat the space using extra energy. We are aware of the benefits of traditional materials but we chose modern materials for the luxury, speed of construction, and cost-effectiveness.

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